geopandas.read_file#

geopandas.read_file(filename, bbox=None, mask=None, columns=None, rows=None, engine=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Returns a GeoDataFrame from a file or URL.

Parameters:

filenamestr, path object or file-like object: Either the absolute or relative path to the file or URL to be opened, or any object with a read() method (such as an open file or StringIO)
bboxtuple | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, default None: Filter features by given bounding box, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or a shapely geometry. With engine=”fiona”, CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. With engine=”pyogrio”, bbox must be in the same CRS as the dataset. Tuple is (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) to match the bounds property of shapely geometry objects. Cannot be used with mask.
maskdict | GeoDataFrame or GeoSeries | shapely Geometry, default None: Filter for features that intersect with the given dict-like geojson geometry, GeoSeries, GeoDataFrame or shapely geometry. CRS mis-matches are resolved if given a GeoSeries or GeoDataFrame. Cannot be used with bbox. If multiple geometries are passed, this will first union all geometries, which may be computationally expensive.
columnslist, optional: List of column names to import from the data source. Column names must exactly match the names in the data source. To avoid reading any columns (besides the geometry column), pass an empty list-like. By default reads all columns.
rowsint or slice, default None: Load in specific rows by passing an integer (first n rows) or a slice() object.
enginestr, “pyogrio” or “fiona”: The underlying library that is used to read the file. Currently, the supported options are “pyogrio” and “fiona”. Defaults to “pyogrio” if installed, otherwise tries “fiona”. Engine can also be set globally with the geopandas.options.io_engine option.
**kwargs: Keyword args to be passed to the engine, and can be used to write to multi-layer data, store data within archives (zip files), etc. In case of the “pyogrio” engine, the keyword arguments are passed to pyogrio.write_dataframe. In case of the “fiona” engine, the keyword arguments are passed to fiona.open`. For more information on possible keywords, type: import pyogrio; help(pyogrio.write_dataframe).

Returns:

geopandas.GeoDataFrame or pandas.DataFrame: If ignore_geometry=True a pandas.DataFrame will be returned.

Notes

The format drivers will attempt to detect the encoding of your data, but may fail. In this case, the proper encoding can be specified explicitly by using the encoding keyword parameter, e.g. encoding='utf-8'.

When specifying a URL, geopandas will check if the server supports reading partial data and in that case pass the URL as is to the underlying engine, which will then use the network file system handler of GDAL to read from the URL. Otherwise geopandas will download the data from the URL and pass all data in-memory to the underlying engine. If you need more control over how the URL is read, you can specify the GDAL virtual filesystem manually (e.g. /vsicurl/https://...). See the GDAL documentation on filesystems for more details (https://gdal.org/user/virtual_file_systems.html#vsicurl-http-https-ftp-files-random-access).

Examples

>>> df = geopandas.read_file("nybb.shp")  

Specifying layer of GPKG:

>>> df = geopandas.read_file("file.gpkg", layer='cities')  

Reading only first 10 rows:

>>> df = geopandas.read_file("nybb.shp", rows=10)  

Reading only geometries intersecting mask:

>>> df = geopandas.read_file("nybb.shp", mask=polygon)  

Reading only geometries intersecting bbox:

>>> df = geopandas.read_file("nybb.shp", bbox=(0, 0, 10, 20))  